Day of Nonconfirmity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Day of Nonconfirmity - Essay Example The second problem is that as I looked at my behavior, I saw several aspects where I was already a nonconformist, in a sense making me different from the others. In these areas of my life - such as the way I thought about good and bad, the right thing to do and why I do certain things - I thought differently from others my age. This is because I was trained to be somewhat independent and think on my own. So my problem was: should I continue being true to myself and behave as I am, different in these respects from the others, or should I be nonconforming by nonconforming to myself I thought hard before I realized that I could leave those nonconformist behaviors intact and continue being true to myself, because this is one of the goals of this experiment, and instead to look at those aspects of my life where I was conformist, where I flowed with the crowd for no other reason than because I found it the right thing to do. I took mental note of those points in my day and then planned what I had to otherwise do. When I woke up on the appointed day, I had a mantra: "Be true" and "Swim against the current".

A Taste of Honey Play Analysis Essay Example for Free

A Taste of Honey Play Analysis Essay A Taste of Honey is a play written by Shelagh Delaney. Shelagh Delaney was born on the 5th of November, 1939 in Salford, Lancashire. At eleven years old she failed to pass the examination that would allow her to enter a grammar school, and she went to a secondary school named Broughton. She was accepted into the grammar school at a later stage as she has proved herself to be intelligent. She was seen to be a late developer but by this time she had lost interest in her academic progress and so therefore did not continue on to higher education. Her first play was A Taste of Honey, which she wrote when she was 18, was accepted by a Joan Littlewood for production by Theatre Workshop Company. The first opening of the play was on the 27th of May at the Theatre Royal in East London. A Taste of Honey was transferred to West London on the 10the of February. For this play she received the Foyles New Play Award and an Arts Council Bursary. In the 1950s England was felling the effects of World War II, so when Shelagh Delaney wrote the play she had experienced World War II. Also because of the World War only lower/ middle class groups would watch the play. Another factor that has caused the play, A Taste of Honey, to be a great success is that it contained issues that were never openly discussed and were consider to be illegal. For example: homosexuality- this was never discussed openly and was considered very bad, racism- Black people or people that were coloured were also considered lower class. The mood, tension and suspense had been built up during the play. In Act 1 Scene 2 Jo meets with her boyfriend and during a conversation he asks her to marry him and she accepts his proposal even though he will be away on his ship for six months and so she will have to wait before he can marry him. She is given a ring by her fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e which she wears around her neck instead of on her finger. This is because she doesnt want her mother to see the ring. Back in the apartment Helen tells Jo that she is going to marry Peter. Peter enters and Jo starts to shout at both Helen and Peter, while Helen is defending and attacking both Peter and Jo. Peter, however, is ignoring or criticising Jo and flattering Helen. Helen and Peter leave and Jos boyfriend arrives and keeps her company. On Helens wedding day Jo is feeling sick and cannot attend her mothers wedding. Helen then sees the ring around Jos neck and starts scolding Jo violently for think of marrying this young. Jo then asks about her father and Helen explains, and then runs off to her wedding. There is a lot that happens in this scene both Helen and Jo plan on getting married. And this has built up a lot of tension. But there moods with each other getting married are not positive. Helen is not happy with Jo considering marriage at such a young age. Jo is also not happy that Helen is marrying Peter but is unable to do anything about it. The timing of this happening is also coincidental as Helen and Jo both were planning to marry at the same time this cause the audience to build up suspense. The scene is ended with Helen leaving Jo behind this will leave the audience thinking of what is going to happen. The scene is ended with suspense so that the audience is egger for the next scene. Act 2 scene 1 begins and Jos pregnancy is quite obvious and her boyfriend has not returned. Jo and Geof, a boy she met in a fairground, return to Jos apartment. The scene beginning with Jo being obviously pregnant causes drama for the audience also Jos black boyfriend has not returned from his sale this make the audience think that the boyfriend will never return. Jo is currently living alone and is working in a shoe shop in the day and working at a bar in the evenings to pay the rent. This has set the mood of Jos environment to be busy and Jo seems to be very tired. As when she returns from the fair she falls onto her sofa as she is tired, she as says that she has to be up before half past seven. This makes us think that going to work is very necessary for her and she is finding it difficult. Geof, an art student, who had been thrown out of his lodgings, says that the reason he was thrown out was because he was behind on the rent. Jo challenges him and keeps on persisting that he is lying as she knows he is homosexual. She even states that I always wanted to know about people like you she offends Geof with her insensitive mocking and curiosity. She finally says that Geof should tell her why he was thrown out (even though she knows why she wants to hear it from Geof) or get out Geof heads for the door to leave and is stopped by Jo begging for him to stay, Geof Dont go. Dont go. Geof! Im sorry. Please stay. I think that this shows that Jo wants some company as she is alone and finding it difficult to pay for the apartment. Jo is not threatened by Geof staying in her apartment as he is homosexual and is therefore not physically attracted to her she also says, Thats why Im letting you stay here. You wont start anything. When Geof is with Jo the mood is peaceful and is not chaotic. Also, Jos character is different she is not as aggressive as before. The audience are interested in Geof as they want to know facts about him because of his homosexual personality. It might be that Geof was thrown out because he was homosexual and he doesnt want to admit that he is gay, also in that period of time homosexuality was wrong. After Jo apologises they start talking and tell each other that they like each other and they are becoming closer and their relationship develops. There mood has changed and they are now talking about each other and asking questions about there past. Geof brings up the subject of the baby and Jos mother, he thinks that Jo should tell her mother about her pregnancy. Jo replied Why? this shows that she still doesnt think that her mother should have nothing to do with Jos baby. Geof then goes on to ask what kind of woman is she and Jo replies by saying shes rich Geof says that she should be interested in her mothers money as she will be needing it later for the baby, as the baby will be costing Jo more money then she can afford. When Geof says that she will need baby clothes a cot and a pram, Jo replies by saying, Im not planning big plans for this baby or dreaming big dreams. This shows that Jo has thought that she will look after the baby with the barest amount of money. Jos character is strange in comparison to other mothers. Most mothers will be hoping for the best for their children. Jo, however, is not interested; she has no idea to look after a child as she has never been looked after by her mother very well. I found it strange when Geof says, Youre feeling a bit depressed, Jo. He was telling Joe how she felt and this shows that Geof is already having feelings for Jo. When Geof offers Jo a cigarette she declines it, she said she only smoked to annoy her mother. I think that this shows that Jo did things to annoy her mother to get revenge. Jos character to towards her mother does not change through out the play. Geof asks Jo about her black boyfriend when Jo answers the questions she is giving false answers. I think that she has forgotten about the boy and has moved on with her life. Geof sings two nursery rhymes; this lightens the mood and shows that Geof is still childish and young in heart. When Geoffrey and Jo go to bed Jo says, Youre just like a big sister to me. This shows that Jo has no sexual attractions towards Geof and sees him more like a friendly sister who looks after her. Jo comments on the childrens appearance, look at those filthy children. I think this is because as she is pregnant she is thinking about children and looking at other children on the streets. She then says that is there parents fault, but then says, His mother ought not to be allowed. Jo is referring to her own mother in a way as Jo was treated badly and sometimes thinks that her mother should not of had her. Geof is homosexual but still tries to kiss Jo and even asks to marry her. Jo declines, is it shown that Jo likes Geoffrey but she is not sexually attracted to him. I think that the reason Geof asked Jo to marry him is because he want to be normal or a least be treated normal. So if he gets married people wont think that he is homosexual and as Jo has a baby it will save him the trouble. Geof knows that if he stays with Jo his life is heading nowhere, but he wants to stay with Jo, Id sooner be dead than away from you. Geoffrey has grown a strong feeling for Jo and visa-versa, however, Jo likes him as a big sister. Helen enters the room and the mood has changed, that tension between Jo and Helen is now strong. Helen is not surprised that Jo is in bed, she thinks that Jo should still be going to work in her condition. Helens character is still expecting much of Jo even when Helen is sick she would ask Jo to do the work. Jo doesnt even welcome her mother politely, What blew you in? Helen assumes that Geoffrey is Jos boyfriend. While Helen and Jo argue Geof enters defending Jo but is shut up by both the ladies. Even with Jo in pregnancy Helen is still as violent she is throwing threats at Jo, Ill give you such a bloody good hiding in a minute Then Helen knows that she was right and told Jo not to get married at such an early age but gets into a mess none the less. Helen then says that she didnt come to argue but actually came to give money but Jo doesnt want it even when she needs it not from her mother anyway. Helen does care about her daughter but doesnt show it although she does show it more then Jo, Look at your arms. Theyre like a couple of stalks! she doesnt want her daughter to be unhealthy. When Peter enters, the mood changes everyone is concentrating on him and want him out of the room. It is obvious that Peter is not in love with Helen and it maybe that she is not in love with Peter it might be that she only married him for his money. When Drunken Peter enters he insults the other three, when he sees that Helen is giving his money away he is angry with Helen, Giving my money away again? Peter then takes his money back from Helen and therefore contradicting Helens offer of a home to Jo. When Peter leaves he calls Helen to com with her but she says no. Helen is unsure of her choice so asks Jo if she should stay with her and Jo replies no. I can see that Helen was unsure to make her decision and when she ask Jo and she said no she yelled out yes to Peter. When Peter asked Helen if shes coming she replied no, however, Peter still insists that Helen come with her. I think that even when he has lost interest in Helen he doesnt want to let her go, this is just like him and his money. Helens last act of affection is shown, she tells Geof to make sure that she goes to the clinic regularly. As soon as Helen leaves the mood has changed, it is back to that jokey mood with Jo and Geof. This is shown when Geof says that at least Helen left her some money but Jo says that Peter took it back but she has a cigarette for him. Geof replies, Oh, smashing I have noted that their moods change and they are back to their original state. This scene is one of the most relevant scenes in the whole play; it shows the relationship between Jo and Geof from when it first started to when they have a strong bond. It also is the first scene with homosexuality init so this is very appealing to the audience. It also is the scene when Helen finds out that Jo is pregnant and is therefore quite dramatic. This scene is very significant to the play as without this the scene it would not be as effective.

Corky :: essays papers

Corky As I was walking through the Memorial Union the other day, I noticed a magnificent sculpture encased in a glass fixture. This sculpture is of Corky, Emporia State University’s esteemed mascot. Seeing this sculpture, I decided that it would be perfect for this paper. When an individual thinks of what a sculpture is, they often think of marble or rock of some sort that is carved into shapes or figures of famous people from the past. Taking Analysis of the Fine Arts, one would learn that sculpture is also made of things like metal, clay, and even wood. This brings me to the sculpture of Corky. When discussing sculptures in class one of the questions asked is â€Å"Where does your eye go first.† For this sculpture my eye first goes to Corky’s face. It’s obvious that the sculptor meant for it to exude confidence and happiness. The eye then goes down the sculpture, studying the intricate carvings of the torso down to the legs. I then moved around the sculpture and noticed the wings in the back made of glass. I had never noticed them before now. After walking around the sculpture, the eye ultimately goes back to the face. Corky is carved out of wood. The sculpture is full round. This is where the sculpture is created by the subtracting of a wood from the base to leave a free standing figure that has shape and form on all sides. The sculptor also used addition by adding the glass to serve as wings. The sculpture can be viewed from any angle, also known as three-dimensional sculpture. The sculpture stands on a base that is also made of wood. Corky is extremely smooth and shiny. The sculpture is very intricate, has strong detail, and is proportionate. The lines of the carving are straight, curved, and jagged. Some are carved very deeply and others not so deep. The exterior of the sculpture was probably sanded and then some sort of oil or protectant was probably applied to help maintain the shine and smoothness. The sculpture gives off the feeling of happiness and pride. It conveys a feeling of Emporia State University and what it means to be a student here. He is in a walking stance giving the sculpture action. His shoulders are pulled back and he strides with confidence. Corky :: essays papers Corky As I was walking through the Memorial Union the other day, I noticed a magnificent sculpture encased in a glass fixture. This sculpture is of Corky, Emporia State University’s esteemed mascot. Seeing this sculpture, I decided that it would be perfect for this paper. When an individual thinks of what a sculpture is, they often think of marble or rock of some sort that is carved into shapes or figures of famous people from the past. Taking Analysis of the Fine Arts, one would learn that sculpture is also made of things like metal, clay, and even wood. This brings me to the sculpture of Corky. When discussing sculptures in class one of the questions asked is â€Å"Where does your eye go first.† For this sculpture my eye first goes to Corky’s face. It’s obvious that the sculptor meant for it to exude confidence and happiness. The eye then goes down the sculpture, studying the intricate carvings of the torso down to the legs. I then moved around the sculpture and noticed the wings in the back made of glass. I had never noticed them before now. After walking around the sculpture, the eye ultimately goes back to the face. Corky is carved out of wood. The sculpture is full round. This is where the sculpture is created by the subtracting of a wood from the base to leave a free standing figure that has shape and form on all sides. The sculptor also used addition by adding the glass to serve as wings. The sculpture can be viewed from any angle, also known as three-dimensional sculpture. The sculpture stands on a base that is also made of wood. Corky is extremely smooth and shiny. The sculpture is very intricate, has strong detail, and is proportionate. The lines of the carving are straight, curved, and jagged. Some are carved very deeply and others not so deep. The exterior of the sculpture was probably sanded and then some sort of oil or protectant was probably applied to help maintain the shine and smoothness. The sculpture gives off the feeling of happiness and pride. It conveys a feeling of Emporia State University and what it means to be a student here. He is in a walking stance giving the sculpture action. His shoulders are pulled back and he strides with confidence.

Essays --

Theodore Levitt’s contribution to marketing is undoubtedly un-measurable in any quantity, un-describable in a matter of words and unfathomable to any one who did not have the chance to meet the legendary scholar. The German moved to America after serving in the Second World War, where he received a PhD from the Ohio State University in economics. He later acted as a Professor in Harvard Business School and went on to become an editor for the â€Å"Harvard Business Review† (1985-1989). Through the captivating articles he wrote for this, he changed the face and idea of marketing completely. What could have once been summed up in four Ps; price, product, place and promotion, now had depth, dimensions and true meaning. In a few short pages Levitt had the ability to expand, alter and moderinise marketing. The economist managed all this through his compelling article â€Å"Marketing Myopia† in which he describes how too much attention is paid to the product and n ot enough to the consumer. This was a foreign outlook, which no longer looked at just the physical good and maximizing profits but at who was purchasing this product and attempting to entice them to repeat purchase. He saw globalisation as a future phenomenon and saw standardisation as key to global success for a business. Theodore Levitt also had a profound impact on the lives of his students, colleagues, family and friends. He influenced them to think in new ways and to push the boundaries on how they saw the world. The German-American professor contributed greatly to the world of marketing and looked at businesses, selling products and service and where and how to sell them, in a new light. Levitt’s article â€Å"Marketing Myopia† (1960), which won the McKinsey Award in 1960 (h... ...with the improvements in technology. Everyone wants what everyone else has. The days of customisation and originality are long gone. His ability to influence new thinkers was he greatest attributes. He was both provocative and startling which made him so bold and brilliant. People were intimidated by his presence and wanted to keep up with him. His trail of thought never stopped and he unconditionally allowed this brilliance to be shared with all of those whom he came into contact with. His writings and words touched the lives of various people and allowed them to explore new areas. Theodore Levitt’s contribution to the marketing world knows no bounds nor will it ever. His simplistic, long-term, future focused ideas changed the world of business and served as a spin-off effect for other scholars allowing his work to assist in the future of marketing.

The street lamps dimly lit the rain-soaked streets – Creative Writing

The street lamps dimly lit the rain-soaked streets of the small town in which I live. Terraced houses line each side of the narrow streets and the sound of raindrops on tiled roofs constantly drum in my ears. The streets are totally empty, not even the odd car or person breaks the monotony of the black tarmac. A rusty iron fence surrounds the small park by the houses and the play area is deserted and broken. The sky is dark and overcast, with the occasional roll of thunder rumbling in the distance. By ten o'clock my shift at the local supermarket is over and I have to begin the long, mind-numbing walk home. The supermarket car park is covered in red, yellow and brown leaves from the old trees at the side of the road and I struggle across the slippery surface until I reach the dark subway that leads under the main road to the terraces. The subway walls are covered in graffiti while broken bottles and cigarette ends line the floor. I always feel slightly nervous when walking through this subway; its intimidating darkness makes me uneasy. Emerging from the subway I meet the usual dim glow of street lamps illuminating the small terraced houses that, to me, signified safety and protection. â€Å"Empty your pockets!† shouted a gruff voice, as a man jumped out from the side of the subway exit, â€Å"Give me your money or I'll kill you!† There stood a tall, well built man, dressed in dark, ragged clothes in an aggressive stance with his fist raised and his other hand in his pocket. He wore a hooded top concealing most of his face, except his black rotting teeth and his stubble covered chin. His shoes had holes and there were cuts and scars on his face. He shivered and shook while the rain soaked him through as he pinned me against the wall. â€Å"Please don't hurt me,† I begged. â€Å"I've done nothing wrong.† â€Å"I said empty your pockets!† repeated the man â€Å"What do you want from me?† I asked nervously. â€Å"If you don't give me your money, I'll†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he nodded his head towards his pocket, where my eyes met with the tip of a shining object that I presumed was a knife. â€Å"Ok, just please don't hurt me!† By now I was petrified, so I nervously put my hands in my pockets and scrambled around for and loose change and then pulled everything out and dropped it on the floor. The man immediately bent down to pick up the coppers and chocolate bar that fell to the floor. He counted the change rapidly and put the chocolate in his pocket. â€Å"What's in your jacket?† the man shouted. â€Å"N-n-n-nothing,† I stammered. â€Å"Don't lie!† he shouted, as his voice became more and more desperate. â€Å"Now take your jacket off and give it to me!† I didn't move. â€Å"Give it to me!† the man screamed at the top of his voice as he tore off my jacket and turned it upside-down to empty it. My wallet, keys and mobile phone fell out and as the man bent down to pick them up I spied my chance to make a run for it. I hesitated to think of my escape route but this proved to be a huge mistake. As I tried to run, the man got a hold of my trailing foot and dragged me to the ground, my feeble body could not escape the grasp of the man. He stared down at me and then kicked me in the stomach to stop me getting the same idea of trying to escape again. Lying in a puddle, I watched him gather the phone and wallet; leaving the keys and throwing away the wallet once he had taken the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 that was in there. â€Å"This doesn't look like nothing, does it?† he screamed with his face right next to mine, holding the crumpled note in front of my eyes. â€Å"Does it?† â€Å"N-n-no† I managed to say. â€Å"Get up!† he shouted angrily. I scrambled to my feet, still holding my stomach to try to suppress the pain of being kicked. â€Å"Yes?† I didn't actually want to know what he wanted. â€Å"I'll see you again later.† He said it with an evil smile and chilling abruptness, and then he turned away and walked, with a limp, towards the subway. As the dark figure merged with the darkness, the thought of how long ‘later' would be, and what he would do then, ran through my mind. During the confrontation, the rain had turned to hail without me realising, and the hail was stinging my cold, wet face. I was breathing heavily as I picked up my keys and torn coat, draping it over my head. I turned towards the street, still in a state of shock over what had happened and began to take nervous footsteps towards home. Soon the nervous footsteps turned to a sprint when I had come to terms with what had just happened. The street and houses turned to a blur and somehow I just kept running, all the way to the entrance of my street, where I had to stop and coordinate myself in order to find my house. I reached in the pocket of my jacket to retrieve my keys, and slowly found my way to number 56. The keys had a constant jingle, due to my hand's vigorous shivering, which also made it hard to get it in the lock and open the door. After a minute of nervous frustration the door opened, I jumped in and shut the door behind me.

HACKER Essays - Hacker Culture, Hacking, Identity Theft, Free Essays

HACKER Essays - Hacker Culture, Hacking, Identity Theft, Free Essays The purpose of this essay is to construct a picture of what is a computer hacker, the motives and the way in which hacking takes place. Hackers are people who have been known as a serious hazard to society for actions related to breaching computer systems. Hackers may use a variety of ways to hack into a system. When a hacker is experienced and smart enough, he will use his telnet to access a shell on another machine so that the risk of getting caught is lower than doing it using their own system. Ways in which the hacker will break into the system are: (Hacking motives 2005) One way is that hacker takes guesses at the password or has a crack program to crack the password protecting the system. Second possible way, in which the hacker may get access to the system is to find back doors. This is where the hacker tries to find weaknesses in the system they are trying to enter. A hacker may also try to get into a system by using a program called a WORM. This program is specially programmed to suit the need of the user. This programmer continually tries to connect to a machine at over 100 times a second until eventually the system lets in and the worm executes its program. The program could be anything from getting password files to deleting files depending on what it has been programmed to do. (Hacking 2015) The only possible way to stop a hacker is by not having the computer connected to the net. This is mainly because hackers use a phone line to access the system. One of the main problems is that major companies need to be networked and accessible over the net so that employees can do overdue work or so that people can look up things on that company. There are some motives that hackers have for hacking such as: Some hackers use their skills for criminal activities. On a personal level, a hacker might break into someone's computer and take control of it. Then find passwords and financial information that he could use to defraud the individual. On a larger scale, groups of hackers might target companies as part of a wider criminal operation. On the other hand there are some hackers who use their skills to improve systems and security, informing companies of vulnerabilities so they can fix them. Hence, some companies are keen on hackers' skills to test out systems as a defensive measure. For example, Google runs competitions and invites people to find ways to breach systems. In 2014, it ran a "Pwnium" contest that gave cash prizes to anyone who could compromise various security levels of the Chrome OS. (Why Do People Hack 2014) According to me not every hacker hack for criminal gains. Some of this geniuses benefit society and help develop security. Bibliography: Hacking. NC state university. 2015 Available at: http://ethics.csc.ncsu.edu/abuse/hacking/study.php. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Hacking motives, High tech brief crime. Australian Government, Australian institute of criminology, 2005. Available at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/htcb/htcb006.pdf [Accessed 13 March 2015]. Why Do People Hack? | eHow. 2014. 23 Oct. Available at: ehow.com/about_4673738_why-do-people-hack.html. [Accessed 20 March 2015].

What Tony Robbinss morning routine can teach you

What Tony Robbinss morning routine can teach you All of us can remember playing â€Å"follow the leader† as kids. We would each watch carefully what the â€Å"leader† did and didn’t do, and we’d do our best to copy them- with the winner being the one who could match the leader’s gestures and behaviors the longest. Did you know that as adults many of us play a version of â€Å"follow the leader† in our daily lives? It’s true! We often pick a leader, usually someone who has achieved certain goals or a level of success in life that we’d like to have, and we do our best to copy what they do, and hope that it ends with us being winners- in life.Playing â€Å"follow the leader† can actually be an effective strategy. It’s similar to having a role model whose habits and behaviors we emulate in an effort to achieve the same goals they have, and sometimes this approach works.If you’re looking for a leader to follow to help you achieve success, you can’t do mu ch better than Tony Robbins- this 57-year-old motivational speaker and life coach is a dynamic force of nature who attacks every facet of his life with a tireless gusto. Robbins doesn’t just dream about a successful future- he spends every waking moment devoted to going after it and making sure his goals are always within reach.Business Insider recently took a look at a day in the life of this influencer. Robbins maintains an intense daily schedule, which takes him all around the world for tours, events, and speaking engagements all year long, and it isn’t uncommon for unexpected activities to pop up and force him to pivot unexpectedly. Therefore, he needs to be able to summon a great deal of energy- both mental and physical- to be able to maintain this pace and still be effective at what he does. It isn’t uncommon for Robbins’ to work 16-hour days and rely on just a few hours of sleep- sometimes as little as 3 hours each night! So, how does he stay energ ized enough to get through a typical day? It all starts from the moment he gets up each morning and begins his morning routine.Let’s take a closer look at Robbins’ admittedly insane early morning routine and discover what you can learn from how this influential leader starts his day.A Tony Robbins morningA typical Robbins morning begins around 7 a.m., often following just a few hours of sleep, with a 10-minute breathing exercise designed to prime his mind and body, and to prepare himself for the day ahead. He then transitions to a state of mindful meditation, in which he mindfully contemplates his goals for the day and allows himself to focus on the things in life that he’s grateful for.Once Tony feels mentally ready, he begins a hardcore physical workout with his personal trainer that features high impact intervals of ultra-intensive bursts of maximum exertion- these workouts typically only last around 15 minutes but are designed to keep his heart rate at a ver y high level, which helps get his body ready for the often long and exhausting day ahead.One his workout is complete, Tony spends a few minutes in a very hot sauna, followed by a quick dip in icy cold water- transitioning between these temperature extremes helps him keep his heart rate up, and it goes a long way towards getting him energized and ready to tackle the coming day. There’s lots of research available that suggests that exercising in the morning contains a wealth of benefits. According to a recent article by The Huffington Post, morning workouts help you stay fit, healthy, and energized longer, and it frees up the rest of your day for productive activity.Robbins brings the same attention to detail to his morning meal as he does his workout routine- a typical breakfast includes a wake-up cocktail full of vitamins, minerals, and key nutrients to jumpstart him, followed by a breakfast high in protein, usually free-range eggs. Once Tony’s mind and body are awake, energized, and properly fueled, he’s ready to move forward and work towards achieving his goals for the day.Key takeawaysSo, while it may be tricky for you to match Tony Robbins’ morning routine exactly, there are some key takeaways for you to think about for your morning routine:Dedication- Robbins never allows himself to â€Å"wimp out† of his morning routine, or make excuses. Starting the day off by allowing laziness or apathy to take control can really set your day off on the wrong foot. Your dedication to overcome all of the challenges you’ll face throughout the day should begin the moment you wake up.Focus- Robbins maintains a rigid and structured morning routine, and he stays on task. He doesn’t let his focus waver or distract him for a moment. This focused mindset carries over into the rest of his day, and helps him face any task and see it through to completion. Your day should start the same way.Energy- It takes energy to achieve your da ily goals without letting exhaustion overtake you, and the core goal of Robbins’ morning routine is to energize his mind, body, and spirit. Whatever your morning routine is, it should center around this primary goal as well- make meal and exercise choices that fuel you, not drain you. What’s more, positive energy is at the heart of Robbins’ morning routine, beginning with an appreciation of his life and all the good things he has surrounding him. Whenever possible, make sure your day starts off on a positive note.Maximize time- If we haven’t already made it abundantly clear, one thing that Robbins’ doesn’t have in abundance is time to waste. That’s why he makes every moment of his morning routine count, so he can get on with the rest of his day as quickly as possible. Your morning routine should maximize your time while getting you energized and setting you up for success.  So, while jumping into ice cold pools or high-impact workou ts with a personal trainer may not be part of your morning routine, if you follow a routine that’s healthy and productive, and stay dedicated and focused while making the most of your valuable time, you’ll be setting yourself up with the positive mental and physical energy you’ll need to achieve your own success!

Parkinson Disease

Parkinson Disease Introduction Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurological disorders referred to as motor system disorders considering that these conditions are implicated in the loss of brain cells particularly dopamine-producing cells. As a result, Parkinson’s disease is recognized by four primary symptoms including stiffness or rigidity (of the trunk and limbs), bradykinesia, tremor or trembling (in the hands, arms, face, legs, and jaw), and postural instability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Parkinson Disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, progression of the primary symptoms leads to more pronounced symptoms such as difficulties in carrying out simple tasks, talking, or walking. Additionally, PD is common among the elderly people above the age of 50 years with the early symptoms being subtle and gradual while individual differences are obvious in terms of disease progression. Here, progression of the primary symptoms results into more pronounced effects such as interference with normal physiological activities in the patient’s body. Moreover, PD is associated with depression; emotional changes; skin problems; constipation; sleep disruptions; and difficulties in speaking, swallowing, and chewing (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2012a). Currently, there are no known diagnostic tests for PD, and hence, many doctors rely on medical histories and other neurological examinations for diagnosis. As a result, many challenges are encountered during PD diagnosis, and the accuracy of tests is not guaranteed. Moreover, differential diagnosis may be initiated to rule out the presence of other related conditions. On the other hand, there is no known cure for Parkinson’s disease, but various medications and therapeutic interventions, which provide remarkable symptomatic relief, are available (NINDS, 2012a; Claassen, van den Wilde nberg, Ridderinkhof, 2011; Wilkinson, Beigi, Lagnado, Jahanshahi, 2011; Tiihonen, Lankinen, Viemero, 2008). This research paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions such as the administration of Levodopa, Carbidopa, anticholinergics, and other drugs; the deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical therapy, and the cognitive-behavioral patient education programs in the reduction or management of symptoms in PD. Additionally, this paper will recommend the most appropriate approach to treating PD in addition to examining the neuro-physiological foundations of diseases and/or disorders, and the contemporary attitudes toward the three therapeutic interventions listed above.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Approaches to the Treatment of Parkinson’s disease Pharmacological Interventions Amid enormous progress in the treatment of PD in the last few years, Levodopa has been the most effective medical therapy for controlling symptoms in PD. Additionally, other drugs such as dopamine agonists (DA), non-dopaminergic agents, and catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitors have shown considerable success in controlling PD symptoms (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Claassen et al., 2011). However, it is important to note that before initiating any form of medical therapy, there is the need to assess the levels of motor, sensory, autonomic, and mental impairment through correct diagnosis. Additionally, the medical interventions should be individualized for each patient. Accordingly, Levodopa is very effective in ameliorating bradykinesia-related symptoms in PD patients. Despite its efficacy, studies indicate that Levodopa is implicated in the development of motor complications (fluctuations and dyskinesias). However, the conventional preparation of Levodopa and Carbidopa improves the therapeutic efficacy of Levodopa . In addition, it is recommended that the onset of Levodopa therapy should be delayed to avoid the underlying motor complications associated with the drug (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). In addition to the duration and cumulative dose of Levodopa therapy, other risk factors such as the genetic predispositions to PD have been implicated in the development of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. As a result, reduction of the cumulative dosage, the use of antidyskinetic drugs, and surgery improves Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Despite the effectiveness of Levodopa in controlling PD symptoms, studies indicate that the drug may be neurotoxic. Additionally, the duration of treatment with Levodopa has been implicated in the development of Levodopa-induced complications, which underlie delays in the initiation of Levodopa therapy until the PD symptoms start to interfere with the body functions and patient’s lifestyles (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). As a result, it is recommended to use dopamine agon ists (DA) prior to initiating Levodopa therapy considering that DA agonists can improve PD symptoms, and hence, becoming an alternative to delaying the initiation of Levodopa therapy. The efficacy of DA agents depends on their ability to activate DA receptors by circumventing the synthesis of DA in the presynaptic membrane.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Parkinson Disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, studies indicate that the activation of D2 receptors in concurrence with D1 stimulation mediates the effects of DA agonists in terms of improving physiological and behavioral effects associated with PD. Among the DA agonists in use, Pramipexole is the most effective and safe drug, which can be administered as monotherapy, and hence, achieving Levodopa sparing, exerting neuroprotective effects, and improving PD clinical symptoms. However, studies indicate that Levodopa still remains superior to DA agonists in terms of providing prolonged motor control; longer life expectancy; and lower levels of hallucinations, edema, and vomiting in comparison to DA agonists (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). In the early stages of PD treatment, non-dopaminergic drugs including anticholinergics and amantadine have been shown to provide similar levels of symptomatic relief as their dopaminergic counterparts. Most importantly, anticholinergics are effective in controlling tremors among young PD patients. However, the usefulness of anticholinergics in controlling PD symptoms has been limited by various side effects such as urinary complications, dry mouth, and cognitive impairment. Generally, pharmacological approaches to the treatment of PD are quite effective despite the underlying side effects. Additionally, it is important to individualize therapies on the basis of scientific rationale, which should aim at controlling symptoms and disease progression (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). Deep Brain Stimul ation (DBS) Therapy Due to the underlying side effects associated with pharmacological approaches to PD treatment, contemporary studies aided by technological advancements have increased the understanding of the mechanisms regarding neurodegeneration, and therefore, providing effective therapeutic strategies to PD treatment such as DBS.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike the use of pharmacological agents for controlling PD symptoms, DBS employs surgical procedures to treat neurological symptoms such as tremor, walking problems, stiffness or rigidity, and slowed movement (National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke [NINDS], 2012b; Wilkinson et al., 2011). However, despite DBS providing an alternative approach to controlling many debilitating symptoms in comparison to pharmacological agents, its current use is limited to patients whose response to medications is inadequate. Basically, DBS is a cognitive approach to treating PD, which utilizes a surgically implanted neurostimulator to send electrical signals to specific sections of the brain particularly the areas controlling movement. As a result, the artificial signals block the abnormal signals implicated in the development of essential tremor and other PD symptoms. In comparison to pharmacological agents whose administration is aided by diagnostic tests, which may be inaccurate an d unreliable, DBS surgical therapy is aided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) techniques for initial PD diagnosis. These techniques are used to scan the brain in order to locate the exact position of nerve signals, which produce PD symptoms (NINDS, 2012b; Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Wilkinson et al., 2011). Additionally, DBS surgical therapy may involve the use of microelectrode recording devices to monitor nerve cells within a specific area to identify and locate precise brain targets more accurately. In most cases, initial PD diagnosis identifies and locates the globus pallidus, thalamus, and subthalamic nucleus as the target areas within the brain, which are subject to abnormal nerve functioning. Therefore, it is evident that the initiation of DBS surgical therapy is founded on accurate determination of specific brain regions exhibiting abnormal nervous functioning in order to administer accurate symptomatic interventions. Compared to pharmacological ag ents whose targets are non-specific, DBS surgical therapy is more specific, and achieves remarkable symptomatic relief in real-time (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Wilkinson et al., 2011). Accordingly, the basic DBS system includes the lead, the extension, and the neurostimulator. After identifying and locating the target area, the lead (electrode) is inserted through the skull with the tip of the lead reaching the target area. The extension (electrical wire) connects the lead to the neurostimulator, and in most cases, it passes under the skin around the head, neck, and shoulders. The neurostimulator is a battery-operated device inserted under the skin around the collarbone, chest, or the abdomen. Upon installation, artificial electrical impulses are delivered right from the neurostimulator through the extension to the lead, and finally to the targeted areas in the brain. As the impulses reach the brain, they interfere or block the activities of abnormal nerve signals, which produce PD sy mptoms, and hence providing immediate and prolonged symptomatic relief. In comparison to pharmacological agents, DBS surgical therapy is an effective PD treatment strategy that achieves symptomatic relief with minimal or no side effects. Furthermore, DBS does not cause damage to brain tissues or nerve cells as opposed to earlier surgical procedures (NINDS, 2012b). Most importantly, the stimulation generated by the neurostimulator can be adjusted whenever the patients begin to show remarkable improvement. However, most PD patients are required to take their medications post-DBS treatment, but studies indicate that a good number of patients experience low levels of PD symptoms after undergoing DBS surgery, and therefore, the frequency of taking medications is greatly reduced. Consequently, the reduced frequency of medication intake improves the associated side effects including dyskinesias (NINDS, 2012b). Cognitive-Behavioral Patient Education Programs From the foregoing discussions, it is apparent that both the pharmacological agents and surgical therapies improve various PD symptoms with remarkable effectiveness. However, none of the two therapeutic interventions seeks to address other aspects of PD such as the patients’ quality of life, psychosocial welfare, and depression. As a result, the cognitive-behavioral patient education programs for persons with PD are alternative symptom management approaches to treating PD through evaluating the patients’ capacity to adjust to the disease symptoms, training the patients to cope with symptoms, and providing supportive services (Tiihonen et al., 2008). Therefore, the initial approaches to these programs entail measuring the psychosocial effects of disease symptoms. For example, it is recognized that PD affects both the primary motor functions of patients and the psychological/social functions of patients through the physical symptoms, which influence the patients’ normal activities. Therefore, th e primary symptoms may lead to other secondary symptoms such as depression, social stress, lack of motivation, and lack of emotions. The prevalence of depression among PD patients ranges from 7-70%. Additionally, the motor symptoms associated with PD have been associated with social stigmatization. Subsequently, the behavioral symptoms may as well worsen the primary motor symptoms. For instance, studies indicate that stress increases the negative effects of motor symptoms in patients with PD. As a result, the synergistic association between the primary and secondary PD symptoms is a matter of concern for many scientists. Consequently, many researchers have recommended various intervention approaches aiming at reducing the psychosocial consequences of PD. Here, patient education forms the basis for supporting patients through their efforts to improve their lives. Therefore, patient education complements the work of medical and surgical treatments. Moreover patient education dissemina tes knowledge and instrumental skills to persons with PD in order to increase capacity in terms of self-management (managing behavioral and emotional stressors). Basically, the programs utilize stress resistance training, relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and social skills training to achieve various goals particularly improving self-management skills among the patients (Tiihonen et al., 2008). Therefore, compared to the other two therapeutic interventions, cognitive-behavioral programs employ different approaches toward reducing psychosocial consequences of PD, which are directly associated with motor symptoms. Overall, this is a very effective therapeutic strategy compared to the other two in ameliorating the psychosocial symptoms of PD such as depression and social stigmatization. Hence, it is obvious from the foregoing discussions that no one therapeutic intervention is effective in controlling all the symptoms associated with PD. This is because pharmacological agen ts have side effects despite their remarkable efficacy in controlling some of the PD symptoms. On the other hand, DBS surgical therapy is quite effective in reducing a good number of PD symptoms, but it must be used concurrently with other medical therapies. Further, cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating PD are very effective in reducing psychosocial consequences of PD with minimal or no effect to motor symptoms of PD. As a result, the most effective approach to treating PD should entail the use of all the three treatment options. The reason why the three treatment options will work together is that they complement one another. For example, pharmacological agents cannot achieve complete treatment due to inherent limitations and side effects, and thus, DBS surgical therapy may compensate for these limitations. Conversely, the two treatment options may not be effective in controlling psychosocial symptoms of PD, and therefore, cognitive-behavioral therapies should come into play . The Neuro-physiological underpinnings of Diseases and Disorders The discussions above highlight different approaches to diagnosing and treating PD, which is a neurological disorder or disease. Therefore, it is important to analyze the scientific foundations underlying these approaches. Over the years, scientists in the field of clinical neurophysiology have been involved in neuro-physiological studies with the aim of providing insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders. Here, these scientists measure and assess the activities of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the skeletal muscles using various neuro-physiological procedures. The most common procedures underlying various neuro-physiological studies include polysomnography, EMG, EEG, MEG, movement monitoring, and intraoperative monitoring among others (Walton, 2001). Some of these procedures such as EEG and EMG are employed in the measurement of direct signals or potentials originating from the body systems or muscles. These mechanisms underlie the process of identifying and locating specific target areas exhibiting abnormal functions as noted earlier. On the other hand, chemical and mechanical techniques are used in measuring various parameters such as respiratory effort, blood pressure, behavioral monitoring, oxygen saturation, and body motion among others. Moreover, these techniques may be used together or separately for epilepsy monitoring, neonatal EEG recording, and movement analysis (Walton, 2003). Therefore, the correct selection and application of the procedures described above requires that one understands the scientific foundations of clinical neurology and normal neurophysiology in order to identify and locate abnormal functions associated with different neurological diseases and disorders under investigation. Here, it is important to note that the specialty of clinical neurophysiology deals with many diseases and disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, polyneuropathies, myopathies, epilepsy, dementia, sleep disorders, developmental or genetic disorders, and many more (Walton, 2003). On the other hand, with the advent of the current technological advancements, more accurate and faster procedures of diagnosis are becoming available to the field of neurophysiology. As a result, there is the need to embrace the efficiency and effectiveness that comes with the new technologies by incorporating them into the existing procedures in order to realize the full benefits of both. Currently, many people are of the opinion that the current diagnostic procedures and even the therapeutic interventions for different diseases and disorders are not adequate or effective in one way or another. Consequently, these contemporary attitudes toward the current procedures and treatment options will guide the future of diagnosis and treatment of various neurological diseases/disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Ultim ately, the future of treatment approaches for PD will be marked by the advent of more advanced procedures, which will utilize the neuro-physiological foundations underlying the three treatment options described in the foregoing discussions. Besides the future treatment strategies will be tailored to fit into the requirements of individualized therapies. References Claassen, D.O., van den Wildenberg, W.P.M., Ridderinkhof, K.R. (2011). The risky business of dopamine agonists in Parkinson Disease and impulse control disorders. Behavioral Neuroscience, 125(4), 492-500. Jankovic, J., Aguilar, L.G. (2008). Current approaches to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat., 4(4), 743-757. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2012a). NINDS Parkinson’s disease. USA: National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2012b). NINDS Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. USA: National Institutes of Health. Tiihonen, S., Lankinen, A., Viemero, V. (2008). An evaluation of a cognitive behavioral patient education program for persons with Parkinson’s disease in Finland. Nordic Psychology, 60(4), 316-331. Walton, J. (2001). Neurology-history: The oxford companion to medicine. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilkinson, L., Beigi, M., Lagnado, D.A., Jahanshahi, M. (2011). Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus selectively improves learning of weakly associated cue combinations during probabilistic classification learning in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology, 25(3), 286-294.

Philiosophy journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philiosophy journal - Essay Example God might have attached an immaterial thinking substance to certain material bodies, he is allowing that, as a result of divine intervention, material structures might think after all. That is, he has abandoned any claim to know at first hand that material structures simply could not be conscious. If some material structures could be conscious, how can we know a priori that material structures cannot of themselves give rise to consciousness. If, instead of supposing that material structures themselves sometimes think, we assumed that there are immaterial substances, minds, or souls, associated with our bodies, we should have to say that matter somehow acts upon these immaterial things (in perception) (Moreland and Nielssen 72). For most of believers, God is a unity, the main source that allows the construction and experience of religion. The concept of God can be explained as a static one evolving during centuries. It is important to note that God is the common feature of human's per sonality, so many philosophers identify the causes and events that push people to be ethical, especially if their actions will affect another person. In this case, the inner nature and morals of people is closely connected with their believes which prove the exultance of God (Moreland and Nielssen 82). . ... And this perfect cause of the universe is God. What is more, without God morality would be impossible (Moreland and Nielssen 32). There must be a Lawgiver (God) who originates and stands by moral law. A universal moral law cannot exist accidentally. There must be a basis behind it, which is God. According to this view, every person is born with an inherent understanding of right and wrong. Everyone, for example, understands that murdering an innocent person is wrong. Everyone realizes that helping a drowning person is right. Where did this internal understanding of right and wrong come from I'm convinced that this understanding comes from God. He was the one to put it into the hearts of every person (Moreland and Nielssen 87). There is no reason why a non-personal principle of creative value should be encumbered with omniscience. Nevertheless, Leslie is right to confront this problem. For if goodness, ethical equality is the sole creative principle and the only explanation why there is any world at all, we can indeed ask, Whence, then, is evil It would obviously be less satisfactory, because less simple, to admit that value is, even in principle, only a partial explanation of what there is, that there is also an element of the sheer unexplained brute fact, of things just happening to be there; for the recognition of such unexplained brute facts was the rejected alternative to the hypothesis that ethical norms are creative (Leslie 43). Leslie's answer to the problem of evil is, in effect, to argue that there may well be no unabsorbed evils, when we take account of the value of lives that involve real choices against a background of discoverable causal regularities--whether those choices are causally

Traffic Light Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14750 words

Traffic Light Project - Coursework Example 3.3.14 PCB board for Trafficl Light Controller No.2 Circuit.. 32 3.3.15 Traffic Light Controller Model (view no. 1) 32 3.3.16 Traffic Light Controller Model (view no. 2) 33 3.3.17 Traffic Light Controller Model (view no. 3) 33 4.3.1 Ambulance Safety Pass Traffic Light Simulation using Quick II Program. 37 4.3.2 System Block Diagram of Ambulance Safety Pass Traffic Light Controller.. 38 4.3.3 Circuit Diagram of Ambulance Safety Pass Traffic Light Controller.. 39 4.3.4 Insertion of limiting resistor between power supply and load... 40 4.3.5 Derivation of output voltage under no load and underload conditions.. 41 4.3.6 Traffic Lights Power Supply. 42 4.3.7 Power Supply Actual Circuit. 42 4.3.8 Recommended power supply for future projects.. 43 4.3.9 Remote Control Unit to activate and deactivateAmbulance Safety Pass traffic lights 43 4.3.10 Traffic Light LEDs........... 44 4.3.11 FAB Micro Controller 44 4.3.12 Actual circuits built for Ambulance Safety Pass Traffic Light Controller. 45 4.3.13 Model of road crossing and traffic lights... 46 4.3.14 FAB AF-20 Series Micro Controller.. 50 A.1 R-S Flip Flop... 52 A.2 Timing Diagram of the R-S Flip Flop.. 53 A.3 D Type Flip Flop. 54 A.4 D Flip Flop Symbol 54 A.5 Synchronization in a D type latch 55 A.6 Master-Slave D Type Flip Flop 56 A.7 D Type Flip Flop Finite State Machine.. 56 A.8 T Type Flip Flop Finite State Machine 57 A.9 J-K Type Flip Flop Finite State Machine 57 A.10 Edge-triggered D Type Flip Flop.. 58 A.11 Edge-triggered D Type Flip Flop with Preset and Clear.. 59 LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Basic Traffic Light Controller No. 1 Light Sequence. 8 3.1 Basic Traffic Light Controller No. 2 Light Sequence. 24 4.1 Ambulance Safety Pass Light...The third type of traffic light controller is for Ambulance Safe Pass Traffic Lights to allow safe passage of ambulances in both North/ South and East/ West directions. For this type of traffic light controller, a FAB intelligent micro controller unit is used to program the desired traffic light sequence that includes the ambulance safe pass sequence. The building blocks inside Johnson decade counters, astable multi-vibrator timers and the FAB micro controller such as logic circuits, flip flops, Karnaugh maps, truth tables and Boolean expressions are also presented in the Appendix section of the report. Traffic lights are an essential part of modern life, especially with the increasing number of vehicles that coincides with the increasing number of population. Traffic lights not only regulate traffic flow in the streets but more importantly prevent the occurrence of vehicular accidents. Roads without traffic lights are unimaginable. The traffic light controller is a sequential device that needs to be designed and programmed through multiple step procedures. A proper traffic light requires accurate timing, correct cycling through the states, and responds to outside outputs such as walk signals or ambulance safe passage. The objective of this report is to design and implement traffic light controllers for a simple North/ South and East/ West road crossing as shown in figure below.

Case Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Analysis Report - Essay Example Additionally they were given the rights to explore and exploit two gas properties. However, the company required funds to develop and exploit the sites. Thus, it went into an agreement with Macquarie Bank which agreed to finance them with US $45million, with an interest of 15% p.a and 50% equity stake. After the agreement, the reserves were extensive and profitable, so the East Cameroon Company was able to repay the loan quickly. The case study is one that the Macquarie bank is not willing to finance the company, two, and it still owns a 50% stake in the East Cameroon Company. The East Cameroon Company, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Campbell Evans established that the company could not move on since they had little control of the company. The bank now had 50% stake. Meaning the original founders could no longer control the business as before. Evans is, therefore, looking for alternative funding options. At first he is more interested in getting the financial support to continue with the exploration (Cunningham, 2002). The most financial proposals he has received are from banks and require equity component. Evans and the other shareholders are not ready to give out more equity to banks. Evans would like to return the company’s shares as before so that they can control the company. Evans was approached by Bemo Securitisation (BSEC) financier who offered an interesting financial solution. The solution is the use of Sukuk bond. This is an Islamic finance that would allow East Cameroon to reverse Macquarie’s equity stake. Additionally, it would replace it with a high yielding bond-like channel. However, Evans was not certain of how the Sukuk bond works. He therefore, decided to research before making any decision. The Sukuk structure was more complex that what he had thought. One, It consisted of securitizing hydrocarbon

Ethical Theories identified in (bazerman) and the Essay

Ethical Theories identified in (bazerman) and the - Essay Example The Johnson clearly adores teaching, and his work was intended to give learners and educators a wide-ranging overview of issues in ethics and leadership. The metaphor his book adopts, light and dark, claims the point that followership and leadership can be either toxic or beneficial. In the contemporary world, leaders can seriously be unethical. Examples of such unethical practices range from the American legislators who fiddled their own expenses to the ‘Masters of Universe’ whose monetary creativity almost led to the downfall of banking system but still got rewarded with huge bonuses (Johnson, 2015). However, this unethical behaviour is offset by few remarkable leaders who, in his own words, â€Å"brighten lives of people around them†. Johnson further gives an inspiring instance of this ethical leadership by citing the effort of Dr P. Farmer, who founded Partners in Health – an organization with a mission to combat drug-resistant tuberculosis within priso ns walls and around the globe. According to Johnson (2015), we see analogy of villains and heroes when conversing how leaders try to affect change. Johnson asserts that the power which comes with being a leader may also be utilized for evil and good. When we undertake the merits of leadership, we assume ethical burdens at the same time. In making ethical choices, the leader attempts to cast more â€Å"light† not â€Å"shadow.† Even though a graphic and unfriendly comparison, envision of Hitler and Ghandi. If one subscribes to outmoded definitions like influencing persons toward accomplishment of common goals, both Hitler and Ghandi were leaders though their ethics were dissimilar. For many ages, corporate America has always been stained by unethical decision and disreputable behaviour. For instance, one can remember false advertising by Jenny Craig and Nutri-System, fraud and unlawful cash

How shopping centres and social spaces have changed in terms of Dissertation

How shopping centres and social spaces have changed in terms of architecture and design from 1976-2012 - Dissertation Example This paper discusses that from the perspective of history of art and visual design, the evolution from commercial marketing areas and shopping centres to departmental stores, supermarkets, malls and mega malls, are significant developments since 1976 in Britain. During the time Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister, 1979-1990, a wide policy of privatization resulted in the establishment of urban development corporations. Control over urban development was seized from local government. This resulted in the widespread privatisation of public space such as the development of shopping centres or malls. According to McGuigan, â€Å"such privatisation of public space erodes urbanity and social cohesion†. During the last few decades, increasing private spaces in public areas have been identified; most are owned by private individuals, organisations and financial institutions; while government-owned space is considered as ‘public’. Privatisation in the public domain is ide ntified in various cases including the emergence of multipurpose shopping centres. Thus, one aspect of privatisation is known as Malling, which reshapes the structure of cities. London’s public spaces and mega shopping malls like Brent Cross in the north-west, Wood Green in the north and Westfield in west London focus on the multidimensional functions that mall culture offers to its clientele. Private developers are aiming to create miniature cities with high quality community space. An extensive variety of shops, services and car parks are provided in these modern interpretations of the High Street. Since they require large areas, they are usually located on the outer suburbs of the city (Grolle 7). Components of the built environment are related to abstract concepts, social relations or ideologies through culturally determined systems of association. They combine to communicate social meaning. The built environment first represents its function, expressing its practical pur pose. Thus, the shopping centre constructed in a wide range of styles â€Å"announces itself through its location and its conventional form as a palace of consumption† (Goss 36). Even the most technologically limited architectural solutions give symbolic expression. The built environment is full of meaning with various nuances; it serves its main objective and also extends beyond its primary function. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the history and development of the architectural design of London’s shopping centres from Brent Cross to Westfield including other malls like Wood Green, between 1976-2012. British mall culture’s roots in the United States will be identified. The transformations in visual design in malls and social spaces will be examined; and the impact of globalisation, consumerism, fashions, branding, and new product versions will be determined. ADVANCES IN THE DESIGN OF SHOPPING CENTRES AND SOCIAL SPACES FROM BRENT CROSS TO WESTFIELD: 1976 – 2012 Shopping is the most important contemporary social activity, and is mostly carried out in the shopping centre. Developers and designers of the retail built environment exploit the significance of the space to enhance consumption and subsequently ensure the realization of retail profits. They strive to provide other purposes for the shopping centre’s existence, â€Å"manipulate shoppers’ behaviour through the configuration of space, and consciously design a symbolic landscape that induces associative moods and nature in the shopper† (Goss 18). By examining these strategies, it will be possible to gain an understanding of how the retail environment works. â€Å"Brent Cross Shopping Centre and Wood Green Shopping City are both a product of the expansion and large scale investment that occurred in London during the 1970s†

Ethical Theories identified in (bazerman) and the Essay

Ethical Theories identified in (bazerman) and the - Essay Example The Johnson clearly adores teaching, and his work was intended to give learners and educators a wide-ranging overview of issues in ethics and leadership. The metaphor his book adopts, light and dark, claims the point that followership and leadership can be either toxic or beneficial. In the contemporary world, leaders can seriously be unethical. Examples of such unethical practices range from the American legislators who fiddled their own expenses to the ‘Masters of Universe’ whose monetary creativity almost led to the downfall of banking system but still got rewarded with huge bonuses (Johnson, 2015). However, this unethical behaviour is offset by few remarkable leaders who, in his own words, â€Å"brighten lives of people around them†. Johnson further gives an inspiring instance of this ethical leadership by citing the effort of Dr P. Farmer, who founded Partners in Health – an organization with a mission to combat drug-resistant tuberculosis within priso ns walls and around the globe. According to Johnson (2015), we see analogy of villains and heroes when conversing how leaders try to affect change. Johnson asserts that the power which comes with being a leader may also be utilized for evil and good. When we undertake the merits of leadership, we assume ethical burdens at the same time. In making ethical choices, the leader attempts to cast more â€Å"light† not â€Å"shadow.† Even though a graphic and unfriendly comparison, envision of Hitler and Ghandi. If one subscribes to outmoded definitions like influencing persons toward accomplishment of common goals, both Hitler and Ghandi were leaders though their ethics were dissimilar. For many ages, corporate America has always been stained by unethical decision and disreputable behaviour. For instance, one can remember false advertising by Jenny Craig and Nutri-System, fraud and unlawful cash

Network Management - Quiz 9 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Management - Quiz 9 - Assignment Example This is supportive when devices are of distant locations possessing varied IP addresses. Furthermore, VPN server provides cost benefits to the organisations operating in the technology sector (Senft, Gallegos & Davis, 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). It is to be affirmed that when the message leaves program X in the form of a packet, the Destination IP field of the packet’s header contained 14 IP fields. In this regard, 13 fields are required to be considered and the 14th field is optional (Senft et al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). When the message leaves program X in the form of a packet, it is worth mentioning that the Destination Port field of the packet’s header comprises destination IP address. It must be mentioned that the packet’s header does not contain any destination name (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). Based on the provided scenario, it can be affirmed that when the message leaves program X in the form of a packet, the payload of the packet is not encrypted. This might be owing to the reason that the server program of Y executed on the application server is deemed to be a readable one (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). With regards to the provided scenario, the program Z could be reckoned as Message Transfer Agent. Message Transfer Agent is a type of software, which transfers electronic messages from one particular device to others (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). After the Message Transfer Agent i.e. Z gets the packet, it will work upon the message transfer process for ensuring that the messages are transmitted from one specific user to others (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). In the process of message transfer from X to Y, the Message Transfer Agent i.e. Z needs to let the VPN server TO authenticate Alice. In this regard, it is essential that Z must require sending information to Administrative Management Domain (ADMD). ADMD is denoted as Z in the

Ken from Whose Life Is It Anyway Persuading the Judge to Let Him Die Essay Example for Free

Ken from Whose Life Is It Anyway Persuading the Judge to Let Him Die Essay In this essay, I will be describing and analysing how Ken, from â€Å"whose life is it anyway†, used persuasive techniques to persuade the judge to let him die. Ken is trying to persuade the judge to let him die, and he persuades him with this quote â€Å"†¦and I find the hospital’s persistent effort to maintain this shadow of life an indignity and its humane. † this quote is clearly showing that he does not want to rely on other people. The word â€Å"maintain† stands for holding something like an object in your household. He does not want the hospital and the doctors to â€Å"maintain† his shadow of life because he thinks that he is â€Å"dead already†. In the quote â€Å"†¦but the dignity starts with their choice. If I chose to live, it would be appalling if society killed me. If I chose to die, its equally appalling if society keeps me alive. † This quote shows that he cares about other people not just himself. The word â€Å"society† is used because it shows that he thinks truly not only about himself. Also there is a word â€Å"choose†, this clearly shows that there is no modal verbs and it is more effective and emotive, as that word, it self, shows that he thought everything though what he actual said. I like the way Ken uses strong words like â€Å"appalling†, by saying this, he is exaggerating and by doing this, he is shocking. Ken doesn’t thing letting someone live although they’re against it is terrible, but the fact that they don’t get the choice. â€Å"The cruelty doesn’t reside on saving someone or allowing them to die. It resides in the fact that the choice is removed from the man concerned† this quote means exactly how ken feels at that moment. The choice is about to be taken from him, and that will make things even harder for him. The word â€Å"cruelty† is a very strong word. Using it, Ken, creates sympathy and it made the whole quote more persuasive and he was saying that people are cruel by taking the choice from him. Also I this quote, he is stating by using words like â€Å"is†, â€Å"fact†, â€Å"it resides†. All of these are modal verbs and show that he knows what he is talking about and is confident with what he thinks and knows. The author chose the techniques for a reason, and the reasons are that the whole fact about persuading the judge needs to be pointed out as it’s the most important bit in the story play, the judge will judge from whether to save the man or let him die as he wanted. It’s a life or death situation. Ken also uses rhetorical questions to make the judge think, â€Å"Is that surprising? † Ken said this on purpose as it is very effective persuasive technique like in the one. Rhetorical questions overall, start arguments and debates in which this story is all about. Overall I think that the judge did the right thing letting ken die. He would be suffering mentally and physically if he didn’t. This story has many different writing techniques and only very few I have analysed in this essay. I think they are very effective upon this story and the story wouldn’t make sense and so much drama if it didn’t.

Motivation theories used to explain turnover intention

Motivation theories used to explain turnover intention This chapter discussed the used of motivation theory to explain the turnover intention or behavior amongst the auditors in Sabah. Besides, turnover intention the dependent variable, job satisfaction and organizational commitment the independent variables are being defined and conceptualized in line with this study. The relevant literature or past research done on this area of study is also being reviewed. Lastly, the findings on the relationships between the variables are being discussed. 2.1 Theory 2.1.1 Theory of Reasoned Action Turnover process models draw heavily from rational decision making models such as Fishbein and Ajzens (1980) theory of reasoned action, which stresses the importance of behavioral intentions in predicting and understanding turnover. However, there is research on the manner on which attitudes and intentions get translated into behavior that can inform turnover theory and research. Examples include research on perceptions of behavior control, behavior consistency, and the role of emotional arousal. For the purpose of this study, Perceived Behavioral Control is usedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 2.1.1.1 Perceived Behavioral Control Many prominent models of the turnover process implicitly or explicitly use elements of Fishbein and Ajzens (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action. This theory and its evolution into the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) suggest that intentions to perform a behavior are the more immediate precursors to actual behavior. Intentions are a function of attitudes toward performing the behavior, which are in turn a function of beliefs concerning the consequences and desirability of such consequences of performing the behavior, and subjective norms concerning the behavior, which are a function of beliefs concerning what important referents think about the behavior and ones motivation to comply with those referents. A good deal of empirical research has supported this model, especially the critical role of intentions (Kim and Hunter, 1998). Individuals that having the behavior intention not necessary execute the intention in reality, which introduce the importance of the role of behavioral control. Ajzen (1991) defined control beliefs as the presence or absence of factors that may facilitate or impede the performance of a behavior. Perceived behavioral control is an individuals perceptions of their ability to perform a behavior based on control beliefs. Behavioral control is expected to reinforce behavioral intentions through increased perseverance and consideration of potential obstacles (Hom and Griffeth, 1995). In fact, Ajzen (1991) argues that behavior is a function of compatible intentions and perceptions of behavioral control. Perceived behavioral control should moderate the effect of intentions on behavioral control is positive. Thus, in a turnover context, turnover intentions may only lead to turnover when individuals perceive that they have control over the decision to quit. There are a number of reasons that individuals might perceive less control over this decision. Family or financial constraints could restrict mobility. Over time, individuals become increasingly invested in an organization, making it more difficult to leave (Becker, 1960). Perceptions of the availability and quality of alternatives may affect perceived control. There is some evidence perceptions of alternatives interact with job satisfaction in leading to withdrawal (Jacofsky et al, 1986). Steel et al recently suggested that barriers to mobility are critical components of labor market cognitions. However, turnover researches do not typically directly measure perceived behavioral control over turnover decisions and have not assessed control as a potential moderator of the relationship between turnover intentions and turnover. Behavioral control should moderate the intentions-turnover relationship such that the relationship is stronger when control is higher, and weaker when control is lowest. 2.1.2 Role Theory For the purpose of study, role theory is used to explain the role stress experienced by the auditors. Role theory assumes that individuals lives are spent acting out an assortment of roles both within and outside the organizational context (Fisher, 2001). As cited by Fisher (2001), Katz and Kahn explained that each of these roles is assumed to be more a function of social setting rather than of the individuals own personality characteristics. Therefore, Fisher (2001) suggested that every position within an organization can be thought of as a specific role into which an individual is socialized. Under the role episode model, the process of socialization happens when a role senders directly or indirectly communicating to the role incumbent (focal person) their expectations of the incumbents responsibilities. Role ambiguity exits when goals of ones job or methods of performing it are unclear (Johns et al, 2007). Scholars Johns et al (2007) further explained that there are three elements that can lead to ambiguity, which are (1) the organizational factors, for example the middle management might fail to provide the big picture as they are not in the upper management level; (2) the role sender, for example role senders have unclear expectations of a focal person, or the message is not effectively communicate between a role sender and a focal person; (3) the focal person, as a new staff need time to fully digest the work expectation communicated to him. On the other hand, role conflict occurs when compliance with one sent role would compliance with another difficult (Cited by Fisher (2001) from Kahn et al, 1964). Kahn et al (1964) identify five major types of role conflict as below:- 1) Intra-sender conflict conflicting prescriptions/proscriptions from the same sender 2) Inter-sender conflict conflicting prescriptions/proscriptions from different sender 3) Inter-role conflict conflict between roles in situations where an individual holds more than one role 4) Person-role conflict where an individuals role requirements are incompatible with hus/her own beliefs, values and norms 5) Role-overload reasonable expectations may have been received from role senders, but he/she may not have enough time to address them all (Cited from Fisher (2001) review on Kahn et al (1964) research work) Scholars Van Sell at al (1981), Jackson and Schuler (1985) observed that both role ambiguity and role conflict are linked to negative outcomes, such as lower job satisfaction, increase on perceived job tension, lower job performance and greater turnover intention. 2.2 Conceptualization of Dependent Variable Turnover refers to resignation from an organization (Lee and Liu, 2006; Johns et al, 2007). Turnover can be classified as internal and external, voluntary or involuntary (Wiley, 1993). By internal turnover, it means that an employee is transferred to another department within the same company or group of companies. On the other hand, external turnover refers to the resignation of an employee permanently and henceforth represents the cost outflow to an organization. Wiley (1993) further explained that involuntary turnover happens when an employee is terminated for just caused, for example: sickness, death, retirement due to old age; and voluntary turnover is a situation whereby the employee join another organization on his/her accord, or participate in the voluntary separation scheme. Employee is the human capital of an organization (Quote). Employees have become the important tangible asset in an organization in this new k-knowledge world, especially within the service industry. Successful and established companies such as Virgin Airline and Honda have invested substantial amount on their employees in term of training and development cost, aiming to shape their employees to maintain the competitive edge. Henceforth, an employee departure is considered a nightmare to an organization especially with the highly skilled employees such as the IT specialist and audit managers. Not only the organization is unable to recover the training cost (Quote), they also lose their competitive advantage when the highly experienced and skilled employees join another competitor firm. High turnover also experienced in the unskilled position such as in the manufacturing plant and hotel line due to the low replacement cost for unskilled employees. The ease of replacing employees for th e lower rank staff no doubt will not cause substantial loss to an organization, but will affect the service or product quality as the new employees are unfamiliar with the organizations culture and work procedures. As a result of the significance of these costs, employees turnover has been widely studied since the 1900s with the various publications of qualitative and quantitative researchers of exceeding 1500 (Munchinsy and Morrow, 1980). Given the significance of the study, the determinants of turnover intention is widely studied in various industries, such as the hotelier (Atang, 2010), manufacturing (Udo et al, 1007), teachers (Currivan, 2000) information system (IT) (Rahman, 2008; Muliawan et al, 2009) and among public accountants or auditors (Lander et al, 1993; Perryer et al, 2010; Reed et al, 1994; Viator, 2001; Law, 2005; Lui et al, 2001; Hsieh et al, 2009; Hasin and Omar, 2007). The reasons for voluntary turnover are numerous and the list of determinants is still expanding. The most common reasons given by leavers are due to job dissatisfaction, lacking of career growth opportunities, poor relationship between supervisor and subordinate, to name a few. Khatri et al (2001) studied high turnover in Asian countries with sample size of 422 taken from food and beverage industry, shipping and marine industry and retailing industry suggested that the main reasons for high turnover were procedural justice and low org anizational commitment. The researchers also reported that managers had more turnover intention than non-managers and procedural justice was considered more important than the distributive justice, while organizational commitment was found to be very critical in turnover intention. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intention to leave are among the most commonly proposed antecedents to turnover (Tett and Meyer, 1993). The reasons of having turnover intention might vary based on individualistic (Atang, 2010). The recent research noted that researchers used other new variables sust as employees personality (Dole and Schroeder, 2001; Hsieh et al, 2009), hardiness (Law, 2005), gender (Reed et al, 1994) and organizational tenure (Udo et al, 1997) to determine the moderating effect on the turnover intention. It is observed that there are not many research done in the local setting and hence it is doubtful that if those results obtained from the Western countries can be generalized in Asia, in particular, Malaysia. Henceforth, the primary focus of this study is to examine the relationship between role stress and job satisfaction towards turnover intention amongst the auditors in Sabah, using organizational commitment as mediating variable. In the academic writing, most of the research that focus on employee turnover used direct determinant of turnover, intent to stay (Iverson, 1992; Price 1997) or turnover intention (Perryer et al, 2010; Hsieh et al, 2009; Rahman et al, 2008) to predict turnover as the data of actual turnover is typically hard to collect. Intent to stay (or leave) is defined as employees behavioral intention that has been found to have a strong negative influence on actual turnover (Iverson, 1992). A link between behavioural intentions and behavior has been well documented in the social psychological literature (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), as has a link between turnover intentions and turnover (Irvine and Evans, 1995; Richer et al, 2002; Tett and Meyer, 1993). Richer at al (2002) further commented that most employees having the intention to leave their job would most likely to quit if they have the choice. Other researchers agreed that behavioral intention is the most determinant of actual behaviour (Aj zen and Fishbein, 1980; Steel and Ovalle, 1984) and Rasch and Harrell (1990) further commented that there is positive relationships exist between intention to leave and turnover behaviour. The finding that turnover intention is the strongest predictor of turnover is similarly consistent (Meyer at at., 2002; Tett and Meyer, 1993). The turnover intention for this present study will be conceptualized as the having the intention or behavior to leave the organization voluntary (Atang, 2010). Based on the above discussion, turnover intention would be used interchangeable with Intent to stay (or leave). 2.3 Independent variables For the purpose of this study, role stress and job satisfaction are chosen as the independent variables that are most representing determinants in influencing the turnover intention amongst auditors in Sabah. 2.3.1 Role Stress Role stress is identified as stressors at individual level (Ivancevich et al, 2008) and has now becomes the focus point of the Organizational Behavior and Management study due to the importance of having a quality work-life balance. Under role theory (as explained in Section 2.1), stress can arise from a particular role episode when sent roles conflict with each other, or when information required to effectively carry out a sent role is lacking (Fisher, 2001). These situations are known as role ambiguity and role conflict. A role is a set of expectations on individual behavior due to his/her position in an organization (Lee, 1996). Role ambiguity and role conflict are typically viewed as a consequence of audit structure practice (Wittayapoom and Mahasarakham, 2007). The definition of role ambiguity and role conflict are thoroughly examined as below:- 2.3.1.1 Role Ambiguity Role ambiguity happens when an individual is unclear about the expectations or requirements of his/her job (Hitt et al, 2006). This includes ambiguity on the methods to be used, how performance is evaluated, an individuals responsibility and also the limits of ones authority (Johns et al, 2007). Black (1988) stated that role ambiguity happens when there is a lack of the necessary information available to a given organizational position. Smith (1990) in his review on Senatras (1988) study noted that 70 percent and 47 percent of reported role ambiguity in men and women respectively was attributed to organizational factors, such as adequacy of authority to make decisions and formalization of firm policies. Ambiguity on the audit work creates tension and anxiety, and hence leads to emotional stress, as employees are unclear of the expectations. Many of audit juniors experience role ambiguity, as they are unfamiliar with the work procedures and companys culture. Besides, different audit e nvironment warrants different attention from the audit staff, for example, the audit of a financial institute is different from auditing a non-profit organization. Henceforth, a new comer would easily feel lost and frustrated if there is no proper guidance and this might affect his/her work commitment or trigger the turnover intention. Vaitor (2001) in his research finding on public accounting organizations in United States concluded that informal mentors do indeed help to reduce role ambiguity among the audit staff. Ambiguity tends to decrease as length of time in the job role increases (Jackson and Schuler, 1985, as cited by Johns et al, 2007). 2.3.1.2 Role Conflict Role conflict is termed as the degree of incongruity or incompatibility of expectations associated with the role (House and Rizzo, 1972; Johns et al, 2007). Atang (2010) stated that employees perceive a role conflict when there is incompatibility between expectations and demands from various workgroups and conflicting role to be carried out by individual employee. Katz and Kahn (1978) explained in detail that conflict is the simultaneous occurrence of two or more role sending such that agreement with one party would make more difficult for the agreement of another (see details on Section 2.1 on role theory). For example, auditor A is assigned to work on an outstation assignment by his direct supervisor, but is requested to attend a training course as requested by the human resource manager for the same working week. Hence, auditor A is said having a role conflict. Viator (2001) suggested two types of role conflict that is relevant in the accounting practice, namely the inter-sender, which occur when the expectations of one role sender are in conflict with another role senders; and the person-role conflict, which happen when the role requirements violate the needs, capacities or beliefs of the individual (Viator, 2001). Sorenson and Sorenson (1974) operationalized role conflict as conflict between an auditors professional and bureaucratic orientations. Role conflict is arguably more severe experienced with female due to the society perception that woman is the primary care-givers (Law, 2010). For example, married women with first-born children are expected to stay in-house to nurse the baby, while her career may become less priority. This perception would cause stress to career women today who valued their job above all. The significance of role conflict is discussed in Smith (1990) studies in his review on Senatras (1988) research work, which stated that organizational stressors accounted for 64 percent of the reported role conflict among males, 79 percent among females. The factors that resulted in role conflict for both man and female that identified in the study are excessive job and time pressures, conflicting objectives, and suppression of relevant information (Senatra(1988) as cited by Smith (1990) studies). 2.3.1.3 Empirical Evidence of Role Stress in the Accounting Profession As cited by Fisher (2001), Senatra (1980) was the first study in the accounting literature to examine the sources of role stress with public accounting firms. Senatra identified ten specific elements of the organizational climate of the public accounting firms in which he hypothesized would affect perceptions of role ambiguity and role conflict, which were(1) violations in the chain of command; (2) formalization of firm rules and procedures; (3) emphasis on subordinate personnel development; (4) tolerance of error; (5) top-management receptiveness to ideas and suggestions; (6) adequacy of work coordination; (7) timeliness of superiors responses to problems; (8) information suppression by superiors and subordinates; (9) adequacy of authority; (10) adequacy of professional autonomy. Using a survey of 88 senior accountants, Senatra (1980) concluded that violations in the chain of command tends to increase both role ambiguity and role conflict. For the purpose of this study, role ambiguity is defined as the lack of clear and precise information regarding what is expected of the role incumbent (Muliawan et al, 2009), which is important to perform the job (Rizzo et al, 1970). Role conflict refers to occasions when an individual receives conflicting information or requests (Muliawan et al, 2009) when there is incompatibility between expectations and demands from various workgroups (Harris et al, 2006).

Emersons Theories of Education vs Modern-day Theories Essay -- Compar

Emerson and today’s theories of education view discipline as necessary for the progress of students in the classroom; however, Emerson’s beliefs differ from modern-day theories of discipline in "respecting a child" encompassing "patience", "the receiving mind" and "discovers for himself his goal in life." Emerson realized that progressive learning is not a dictator relationship. "Respecting a child" will enhance the student’s ability to achieve their goals. As today’s society lives in the fast lane so does our educational society. "So to regard a young child, the young man, requires, no doubt, rare patience: a patience that nothing but faith in the remedial forces of the soul can give" (Gilman 444). Patience is this unattainable trait that people seek, but never find. Our society is a whirling downfall of enormous debt because of the lack of patience that so many people have adopted as a way of life. Stores are full of consumers that "must have" at that very moment. Unfortunately, the same philosophy of thought is embedded in today’s education. Evaluating today’s theories of education, patience is a luxury that can not be spared. The new "No child left behind" legislation theorizes the idea that standardized testing will improve the instruction level of students. In actualization, the government is teaching the students and the teachers are their puppets. The government likes to call this education reform, however in many eyes it is education death. "The 100 percent goal was simply a target, an admittedly unreachable goal designed to motivate schools to stretch themselves to do better, such as scientists trying to cure cancer or gardeners hoping to grow the perfect tomato" (Matthews 1). Beginning with the first day of school... ... How does society "respect a child" when education is consumed with close-mindedness, repetition, dictatorship and sinful nature. References: Bracey, Gerald W. Are US Students Behind? Web 20 Nov 2014. Http: www.prospect.org/print/V9/37/bracey-g.html Dorja, Rig’dzin. Dangerous Friend: The teacher –student relationship in Vajnayana Buddhism. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www. Samadhicushions.com/Samadhi.cgi/S-1998 Gilman, William H. Selected Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. A Signet Classic. New York, New York 10014 Matthews, Jay. No Child Left Behind Act: Facts and Fiction. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A23818- 2003Nov10?language=printer. Swanson, Robert. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www.sudval.org/users/archives/dsm4 Years of Schooling Smother Creativity. Web 20 Nov 2014. jordan.dpsnc.net/fcmqr1998/schooling.html

Essay --

Modernism is a movement that began in the early 1900’s as a way to break from traditional thinking and move forward into a new way of thinking about the ever-evolving world and its impact on society. Professor Mary Klages offers her thoughts on Modernism and the characteristics it holds as well as her thoughts on postmodernism, a movement that later followed Modernism, in her paper titled â€Å"Postmodernism.† In Arthur Miller’s essay titled Tragedy and the Common Man, Miller gives his ideas on Tragedy and the tragic hero, elements of modernism that can be found in his play Death of a Salesman. David Mamet’s Glengarry Glen Ross is a play that showcases the characteristics Klages writes in her paper that are found in Postmodernism works. Although both Miller and Mamet’s plays deal with salesmen and the troubles of capitalism brought forth in such a stressful and competitive field, the way each author tells their story sets each work apart and categor izes it into a Modernism or Postmodernism category. Professor Klages’ in her essay, â€Å"Postmodernism† spends quite some time writing about Modernism since it predates Postmodernism. According to Klages, modernism is â€Å"the movement in visual arts, music, literature, and drama which rejected the old Victorian standards of how art should be made, consumed, and what it should mean† (Klages, 1). One of the characteristics of Modernism she writes is â€Å"an emphasis on impressionism and subjectivity writing† and â€Å"a rejection of the distinction between â€Å"high† and â€Å"low† or popular culture† (Klages, 1-2). The themes of tragedy and tragic hero’s are ones that were limited to higher forms of art but Modernism took that exclusiveness and brought it to lower forms of art as evidenced in Arthur Miller’s Death o... ... no use in trying to create meaning out of one’s life so these writers offer their stories and plays and let the chips fall where they may. Modernism and Postmodernism are movements that sought to break free from traditional ways of thinking. Each movement offers its own unique characteristics that separate them from one another. Miller’s essay on tragedy where he gives his ideas on why the common man is just as worthy as being viewed as a tragic hero, help readers identify Willy Loman as a tragic hero. When readers read Miller’s play, they can associate his work as a work of Modernism. Mamet’s play, on the other hand, is a Postmodernism work due to the fact that it has no tragic hero, there is no tragedy present, it is just a play about a couple of salesmen and their everyday lives. There is no meaning to be searched for since Mamet makes no attempt to give one. Essay -- Modernism is a movement that began in the early 1900’s as a way to break from traditional thinking and move forward into a new way of thinking about the ever-evolving world and its impact on society. Professor Mary Klages offers her thoughts on Modernism and the characteristics it holds as well as her thoughts on postmodernism, a movement that later followed Modernism, in her paper titled â€Å"Postmodernism.† In Arthur Miller’s essay titled Tragedy and the Common Man, Miller gives his ideas on Tragedy and the tragic hero, elements of modernism that can be found in his play Death of a Salesman. David Mamet’s Glengarry Glen Ross is a play that showcases the characteristics Klages writes in her paper that are found in Postmodernism works. Although both Miller and Mamet’s plays deal with salesmen and the troubles of capitalism brought forth in such a stressful and competitive field, the way each author tells their story sets each work apart and categor izes it into a Modernism or Postmodernism category. Professor Klages’ in her essay, â€Å"Postmodernism† spends quite some time writing about Modernism since it predates Postmodernism. According to Klages, modernism is â€Å"the movement in visual arts, music, literature, and drama which rejected the old Victorian standards of how art should be made, consumed, and what it should mean† (Klages, 1). One of the characteristics of Modernism she writes is â€Å"an emphasis on impressionism and subjectivity writing† and â€Å"a rejection of the distinction between â€Å"high† and â€Å"low† or popular culture† (Klages, 1-2). The themes of tragedy and tragic hero’s are ones that were limited to higher forms of art but Modernism took that exclusiveness and brought it to lower forms of art as evidenced in Arthur Miller’s Death o... ... no use in trying to create meaning out of one’s life so these writers offer their stories and plays and let the chips fall where they may. Modernism and Postmodernism are movements that sought to break free from traditional ways of thinking. Each movement offers its own unique characteristics that separate them from one another. Miller’s essay on tragedy where he gives his ideas on why the common man is just as worthy as being viewed as a tragic hero, help readers identify Willy Loman as a tragic hero. When readers read Miller’s play, they can associate his work as a work of Modernism. Mamet’s play, on the other hand, is a Postmodernism work due to the fact that it has no tragic hero, there is no tragedy present, it is just a play about a couple of salesmen and their everyday lives. There is no meaning to be searched for since Mamet makes no attempt to give one.